cage = Container that people put a living animal inside. People make this container using many long hard narrow things. You can look between these narrow things to see the animal inside, but the animal cannot move out of the container.

cake =

• Kind of food that is like bread and contains grain, but it is more sweet and contains eggs.
• Small piece of something that you press to make it have a flat top and bottom.

calculate = Doing something with two or more numbers causes you to know something you did not know before.

calculator = Machine that can calculate.

call =

• You say something that someone far from you can hear.
• You tell someone you want them to move here or do something.
• You move to be in the same place as another person for a short time because you want to say things to this person.
• Tell someone the name of this thing or say something about it.

calm =

• When things do not move very much.
• When you can think about what will happen after now, but it does not make you angry, it does not make you feel fear, and it does not make you feel you need to do many more things.

camera = Machine you can use to make a picture of something you can see, using the light that moves into the machine from the thing you can see.

camp =

• Place where people live and sleep, but not inside a building.
• Like a place where groups of soldiers live and sleep for some time.

can, could =

• (See 2-10).
• Metal container that people make. People put food or liquid inside containers like this. The top and bottom are flat and often the shape of a circle.

candle = Something people make using a piece of string inside something like solid fat. People make this because you can burn the string and cause there to be light in a place for some time.

cannot = (See 2-10).

cap =

• Piece of clothing that covers the top of your head.
• There cannot be more than this.

capital =

• Important place where the government makes rules that control people living far from this place.
• When the government can cause someone to die if this person does something bad.
• When part of a word is written using a different big shape, like people use when writing a name.
• Money.

captain = Someone who tells people what to do, and expects them to do it. Like a person who leads a group of soldiers.

car = (See 12-26).

card =

• Piece of cardboard that a person can hold. Its shape is like a square. Often something is written on its surface.
• Something small, thin and hard that has a shape like a square.

cardboard = Paper that is more hard and less thin than most paper. People use it to make containers and other things.

care =

• You are careful to prevent bad things that can happen to someone.
• You very much want good things to happen to someone.
• You think this is important.

careful, carefully = (See 10-18).

careless = Not careful.

carriage = Vehicle that has wheels and can carry people and things.

carry = (See 7-05).

cart = Vehicle that has wheels and can carry things. A person or animal pushes or pulls this vehicle to cause it to move.

case =

• When this is true.
• If this is true.
• What you think you will do when or if this is true.
• Container a person can move that prevents something damaging the things inside.

castle = Big buildings some people made a long time before now. These buildings could prevent soldiers moving into the building and hurting people inside.

cat = (See 11-03).

catch, caught =

• After something moves for some time, you stop it and hold it.
• You see someone doing something they do not want you to see.

cattle = Kind of animal that is big more than a big person. These animals have four legs and hair, and they do not eat other animals. People have many of these animals in places because people eat these animals and drink the milk made inside their bodies.

cause = (See 3-11).

ceiling = When you are inside part of a building, this is the part of the building that you can see above you.

celebrate = When something good happens, you do something to show you are happy, because when you do this you can think about this good thing.

cell =

• One of many small things that are the parts of something big and that each can contain something.
• One of the many very small living parts of a plant or animal.

cement = People mix water and clay and a kind of burnt white stone. People can put this in a place and change its shape for a short time, but then it becomes hard like stone. People use this to connect stones and others things when people make a building.

cent = One of one hundred parts of the money amount that people count and use inside some countries.

centimetre, (centimeter) = One hundred of this length is the same as one metre.

central =

• Near the centre.
• The part that controls other parts.
• More important.

centre, (center) =

• (See 6-14).
• Place where many things happen.
• Place where important things happen.

century = This long time is a group of one hundred years.

ceremony = When something important happens, people do and say things that they do not do at other times, because they want the people who see and hear this to think about the important thing that happens.

certain =

• You know this is true.
• Some.
• These and not others.

chain = Something that is long and narrow and has many small parts. Each part is the same as all the other parts. People often use metal to make these parts and make each to have a shape like a circle. Each part is connected to two other parts: one on one side and one on the other side.

chair =

• This is something that people make because a person can sit on part of its surface. Another part of its surface touches the back of the person who is sitting.
• Person who leads a group of people.

chairperson = When many people in a place want to say things and hear what the other people say, this person leads this group and decides who can say things at what time.

chalk = Kind of white stone that people can use to draw.

chance =

• Maybe this will happen, and maybe it will not happen.
• If you try to do something at this time, maybe this will happen.
• You think this is more likely to happen than some things and less likely than others.

change = (See 3-22).

character =

• You think these things about this person are true at most times: what is good or bad, and what is not the same as other people.
• Person that a story says something about.
• When you write words, this is one of the shapes you draw.

charge =

• The amount of money you want someone to give you because they bought something you had or because you did something they wanted.
• You are the person who controls a group of people or things and prevents bad things that can happen to them.
• When soldiers or animals quickly move towards someone they want to hurt.
• When electricity moves into something at one time, and then after some time, this electricity can move out of this thing.

charm =

• Because you say or do something that feels good for someone, they are likely to do the things you want them to do.
• You have something or say something or do something, and it looks like it is controlling something that you cannot see and causing something to happen that people cannot cause.

chase = This thing is moving and for some time you move and try to be near it. Each time it moves, you quickly try to move to the same place.

cheap = You do not need much money to buy this or to make this happen.

cheat = You cause someone to think something that is not true, and because of this, you can do something good for you and bad for this person.

check =

• Look to see if something is true.
• Do what you need to do to know if something bad happened to this thing.
• What you write to say what you are giving someone.
• Mark that says you did something. You make this mark near words saying what you did.
• Many square marks on a surface.
• Stop or control.

cheek = One of two parts of the front surface of your head. Each is below one of your eyes and above one side of your mouth.

cheer = You say something loud because you feel something good.

cheerful = You feel happy, and because of this you are doing things that can cause other people to feel happy.

cheese = People do something to milk to make this solid food.

chemical = (See 9-25).

chemistry = What people know about the things that happen when atoms connect and the kinds of chemicals this makes.

cheque, (check) = This is a piece of paper that you can use to give someone some money you have. You write your name and the amount of money you are giving, and then you give this paper to this person.

chest =

• The front of your body that is more near to where your arms and head are connected and less near to your legs.
• People make big containers like this: The container has flat sides and a flat bottom and cannot easily be damaged.

chicken = Kind of bird many people have because people eat these birds and the eggs these birds make.

chief =

• Person who leads a big group of people.
• More than all others.

child, children = (See 5-09).

childhood = Time when someone is a young child.

chimney = This tube is part of a building. When people burn something inside the building, the hot gases can move up through this tube and out of the building.

chin = The front part of your head below your mouth.

chocolate = Something sweet and brown that people eat. People use parts of one kind of tree seed to make this. People eat this at times when people want to eat something sweet.

choice = One of two or more things you can choose.

choose, chose, chosen = (See 3-24).

church = Building where many people say things about one god and say things to this one god. They say they love this god because this god is very good. They say there are not other gods.

cigarette = Some people put dry parts of a kind of plant inside a paper tube. Then they burn one end of this and breathe the gases into their body.

cinema = Building where people use a kind of machine to show pictures. The machine shows many pictures, each for a very short time. When you see this, it looks like things inside the picture are moving.

circle = (See 7-28).

circular = This has the same shape as a circle.

citizen = One of many people who can live inside a country or part of a country. These people can choose who is part of the government.

city = Big place where there are very many buildings where people live and where people buy things.

civilization = At a time when people in this place have a government and can use machines. Because of this, many things happen that are good for the people in this place.

claim =

• Say something is true.
• Say something belongs to you.
• Say someone needs to give this to you.

class =

• One of several groups of things, where each thing inside this group is like the other things inside the same group.
• When you think about people or things inside two groups, you think one group is good more than the other.
• Inside a school or other place where people learn things, someone helps this group of people learn things at the same time.

clay = (See 10-11).

clean = (See 11-06).

clear =

• When you are on one side of this thing you can see what is on the other side of this thing because light moves through this thing.
• You want to do something, and you do not see things in this place that can prevent this.
• You say something, and because you say it like this, more people can hear and know what you mean.

clerk = Someone who does this kind of work: someone who helps people who want to buy something, or someone who writes the things that a business or government does.

clever =

• When someone can learn many things after thinking about them for a short time.
• Someone who can try for a short time and do something that other people cannot do.

cliff = Place where you are touching the ground below you, but very near to one side, the ground is very far below you.

climb =

• Move up.
• Move above another place.

clock = Machine that shows the time and counts the parts of each hour.

clockwork = Small machine parts that are like the parts that move inside a clock.

close =

• There is not a place you can move through to move into or out of this thing.
• Stop allowing things to move into or out of this place.
• When something stops.
• Near.
• Very much like.

cloth = (See 9-06).

clothes = Pieces of clothing.

clothing = (See 9-05).

cloud = Something far above the ground that can be big and white. This contains many very small pieces of water. The water can fall from this and move down through the air to the ground.

club =

• Group of people who want to do similar things and who plan to do these things in a place at the same time as other people inside this group.
• Someone can hold one end of this long thing and move it to hit another person or thing.

coal =

• (See 10-31).
• Small piece of something that is burning.

coast = On the sides of a place where there is very much water, this is where the surface of the ground touches the water.

coat =

• Piece of clothing that covers all other clothing, covering your arms and your body below your head and above your legs.
• Something like liquid that covers a surface.

coffee = Kind of seed that people use to make a hot brown liquid that many people drink. People make these seeds become hot for some time to make them dry. Then, when hot water touches pieces of these seeds, the hot water becomes the brown liquid people drink.

coin = Piece of money that is metal.

cold =

• (See 6-27).
• Kind of disease that people often have for a short time inside their head and the body parts they use to breathe.

collar = Part of your clothing or another thing that is around this part of your body: the narrow part of your body that is connected below your head and connects to the big part of your body.

collect =

• You find several things in different places, and you put them all in the same place.
• When things from different places move to the same place.
• When someone gives you money that you tell them to give to you.

college = School where adult people learn.

colour, (color) = (See 4-04).

comb = People move their hair and make it straight using something that has many small parts that hair can move between.

combination =

• Two or more things that are all parts of one thing now.
• Group of different things used at one time.

combine = Cause two or more different things to become the parts of one thing.

come, came =

• Move here from another place.
• When something happens or changes.

comfort =

• After something hurts you or makes you feel sad, someone says things to try to make you feel less sad and not feel fear.
• When something makes you feel comfortable.

comfortable = When you do not feel much that hurts you or feels bad for you, and you know you can have food and a place to live.

command =

• You tell people what to do, and expect them to do it.
• Control.

committee = Group of people chosen to do something or decide something.

common =

• This happens often.
• There are many things like this in many places.
• Two or more people have this same thing.
• You can say the same thing about two or more things.

communicate = When I say something to you and because of this you know or think about something I want you to think about.

communication = When people communicate.

companion = Two things that are in the same place at many times or for a long time.

company =

• Business.
• When you are in the same place as another person for some time.

compare = (See 6-28).

comparison = When you compare two or more things.

compete = When you try to do something before or more than another person.

competition = Time when two or more people compete.

competitor = Someone who tries to do something before or more than another person.

complain =

• You say something feels bad for you.
• You say something happened that you did not want.
• You say someone did something bad for you and you do not want them to do this.

complaint = What someone says when they complain.

complete =

• After all parts of this are done and you do not need to do more.
• This has all the parts you think something like this needs to have.
• Completely.

completely =

• Very much.
• You can say this is true about all parts of something.

complicated = Something that has many parts that do many different things. You cannot know what all these parts do if you do not think about this for a long time.

compound =

• Two or more things that are connected to become parts of one thing.
• Each part of this chemical is the same: Inside each part, the same two or more kinds of atoms are connected.
• When people do not want some other people to be in a place that contains several buildings, they make something big around this place that can prevent people moving into or out of this place.

computer = This is a machine that uses electricity. You can write many rules that say what you want this machine to do when something is true or not true. This machine uses these rules and does what these rules say.

concern =

• Saying something about.
• Often thinking about something.
• Thinking about something you fear.

concerning = Saying something about.

concert = When some people make music in a place, and many other people who want to hear this music can be in this place to hear it.

condition =

• Something that is true.
• Some other thing cannot happen if this thing is not true.
• Things that are true in this place at this time.
• Being healthy or having a disease.

confidence = When you feel confident.

confident =

• You do not know that something is true or that you can do something, but when you think about this, you feel very much like you do when you know something is true or when you know you can do something.
• You think this person will do something good.

confuse =

• When you feel like this: You see and hear things, but you do not know what to think is true, you do not know what this means, or you do not know what to do.
• When you see one thing, but you think you are seeing another thing.

confusing = These things confuse someone.

connect =

• (See 5-24).
• When you think about one of these, you think about others inside this same group.
• When something happens to one of these, something happens to the others.

connection =

• The place where two things connect.
• When something happening to one thing can cause something to happen to the other thing.

conscience = Something you feel that causes you to know if something you want to do is good or is bad.

conscious = You see, hear, feel and think about what is happening near you now.

consider = You think about something carefully before you choose.

consist, consist of = These are the parts of this thing.

consonant = Several kinds of sounds you make when you say parts of some words. When you make these sounds, the shape of your mouth stops some of the air moving through your mouth.

contain = (See 3-19).

container = (See 3-20).

contents = What something contains.

continue = You do not stop doing this.

continuous = This does not stop all this time.

contract = Something two or more people write that says what these people promise to do.

control = (See 3-31).

convenient = Something that is near here and easy to do for a short time.

conversation = For some time you hear and think about what some other people say and these people hear and think about what you say.

cook = Make food become hot because you want to eat it.

cool =

• Cause something to be more cold, but not very cold.
• Not thinking about things that make you feel bad.

copper = Kind of metal that has a colour like red and brown. People use it to make things they want electricity to move through.

copy = When you see one thing and you make another thing that looks very much like it.

cord =

• Kind of string that is less narrow. People use this to connect things.
• Something long and thin and narrow that has long metal parts inside. People make this because they can cause electricity to move through the metal parts.

corn =

• Grain plants and their seeds.
• One kind of grain plant that is more tall than a person.
• Small place where the surface part of the foot becomes less thin and hurts.

corner =

• The place between two straight marks near where they are touching.
• The place between two flat surfaces near where they are touching.

correct =

• What you said is true.
• What you did is the same as what someone wants.
• Show someone what is not what you want, and change it to be the same as what you want.

cost =

• The amount of money you need to give someone to buy this thing you want.
• What you need to do to have something you want.

cotton = Kind of plant that has something like white hairs near its seeds. People twist these white hairs to make narrow string, and they use this to make cloth.

cough = When you move much air from inside your body out through your mouth in a moment and this makes a loud sound. A disease can cause people to do this.

could =

• (See 2-10).
• Was able to do this before now.
• This can happen.
• Maybe this will happen.

council = The small group of people who are chosen to decide things and make rules inside a government or other group.

count = (See 5-30).

country =

• (See 9-20).
• Places where there are many plants far from places where there are many buildings.

countryside = Places where there are many plants far from places where there are many buildings.

courage = You do something good that many people fear doing. Doing this can be difficult and can hurt you. You fear doing this, but you do it because you think it is good to do, and you think someone needs to do it.

course =

• All the places where something moves between two times.
• All the things you do between two times to cause something that you want to happen.
• The things a school plans to do to help people learn something.
• This is what you expect.

court =

• Place where people hear what someone did and where people decide if the government rules allow this.
• Place between two or more buildings where the ground is flat.
• Flat place that people make because they want to play games here.

cover =

• (See 8-16).
• Say something about.
• When this happens, you will have the money you need.

cow = One of several kinds of big female adult animals that do not eat other animals and that make milk inside their bodies.

coward = You know you can do something good, and you know that people think someone who does not do this is bad, but you fear doing this, and because of your fear, you do not do it.

cowardly = Doing things like a coward.

crack = Something happens to a solid thing. Because of this, there is now a long narrow place where one part is near to another part, but not connected. Before this happened, these two parts of this solid thing were connected. This can be caused when something hard hits a solid thing.

crash = When something moves and hits another thing and this causes a loud sound.

crazy = Someone who thinks things are true that most other people know are not true. Because of this, the person decides to do things and make things happen that are bad for this person and bad for other people. Maybe this causes the person to become angry and hurt other people.

cream =

• The fat that is part of milk.
• Something you put on the surface of your body that is like the fat inside milk.

creature = Living thing that can feel and can move when it wants.

creep, crept = You move from one place to another for some time and you do not move quickly because you do not want someone to see you or hear you or think about you.

cricket =

• Game that two groups of people play. In two places, people put the bottom ends of three long things into the ground. One group tries to hit these three things using something round, and at the same time, the other group tries to prevent this and move quickly from one group of three long things to the other.
• Kind of small brown animal that has six legs. It can move parts of its body to fly. At other times, it moves these parts to make a loud sound for a short time.

crime = When someone does something bad that the government rules do not allow.

criminal = Someone who does something bad that the government rules do not allow.

criticism = What you say when you criticize someone.

criticize = You say you think this thing that someone does is bad.

crop = Plants that you cause to grow in a place for some time. When these plants become big, you can eat them or someone can buy them.

cross =

• Two long straight things are touching. Each is touching one part of the other between its two ends.
• This one thing is on one side and above and on the other side of this other thing.
• Something moves from one side of this thing to the other side.
• Mix two different kinds of things.

crowd = When there are many people in a small place.

cruel = You enjoy doing bad things to hurt other people or animals, because you want to make them feel bad.

cruelty = When someone does something cruel.

crush = When you press something very much and cause it not to have the same shape after this.

cry, cries, cried =

• When someone says something loud or makes a loud sound because they feel something bad.
• When water moves from your eyes, like when someone feels sad or hurt.

cultivate = You do things to some plants, and you do things to the ground where these plants are growing, because you want these plants to be healthy and grow big.

cup = Small things people make to contain hot liquids that people drink. One person can use one hand to move one of these near to their mouth and can drink all the liquid that one of these contains.

cupboard = Something people make to contain small things that belong to someone at times when someone is not using them. People put this thing in one place and expect it to be in this place for a long time. This thing can have parts you move to cover its front, and then you cannot see the things you put inside.

cure = Cause someone to become healthy, after they were not healthy for some time.

curl =

• When the shape of something becomes like part of a circle.
• Hair that has a shape like part of a circle.

current =

• When liquid or gas moves through a place.
• When electricity moves through something.
• Now.

curse =

• Say words that people think are bad to say.
• Say words that some people think can cause something bad to happen to someone for a long time.

curtain =

• Cloth that people use to prevent light moving into part of a building.
• Cloth that people use to prevent someone seeing what is inside part of a building.

curve =

• Has a shape like part of a circle.
• Moves like something drawing part of a circle.

custom = People who live in one place often do these things, but people who live in other places do not do these things.

customer = People who buy things from you.

cut =

• (See 7-25).
• Cause something to stop.

cycle =

• Something happens that has two or more parts. This thing happens many times. Each time it happens, all the same parts happen, and each happens before the same parts as before.
• You sit on top of a vehicle that has two wheels, and you move your feet to cause its wheels to turn, and this makes it move from one place to another.